<p>The Northern River Street Historic District is located along River Street  north of Federal Street, one block east of the Green Island Bridge, in Troy, New York, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988, as the Northern River Street District, to distinguish it from Troy&#39;s previously existing River Street Historic District, which had been one of five superseded by the Central Troy Historic District to the south two years earlier.</p><br>
<p>Its two acres (8,000 m) include 13 brick industrial and commercial buildings erected from the mid-19th to early 20th centuries. They were cut off from the rest of downtown due to the construction of the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad, and as a result became a production center for the citys major industries, primarily textiles. When those industries declined in the mid-20th century, they were further isolated from the citys center by expansion of Federal Street to provide access to the bridge, and various urban renewal efforts. As a result, they have not seen much redevelopment and remain mostly intact.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district is defined by building addresses: 403-429 River Street on the west side, and 420-430 River Street on the east. The resulting district is irregularly shaped, taking in all of the west side between Federal and Jacob streets but only the northern half on the east side.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The west side is dominated by 409-415 River Street, a four-story six-bay former warehouse that dates to the 1840s, making it the oldest building in the district. The brownstone pilasters on the storefronts attest to the lingering influence of Greek Revival architecture at the time it was built. Nest door, 417-419 River Street is as tall but only three bays wide, built a decade later with similar design. Next to it is 421-423 River Street, the 1885 Cleminshaw Building of the H.C. Curtis Collar Co. At six bays and five stories, it is the largest building in the district. It boasts an ornate pressed metal cornice with a pediment reading "1868 REBUILT 1884".</p><br>
<p>At the north end of this row is 425 River Street, a narrower 1892 five-story building showing later influences, with a corbeled brick cornice and molded pediment. The top floor windows are arched; a brick pilaster comes up from beneath to create a rounded arcade. A decorative brick course as well as molded string runs around the building. To its north are two smaller buildings, dating to around 1910, the newest buildings in the district.</p><br>
<p>To the south of the large warehouses are smaller buildings. At 403 River Street is a three-story building dating to the same period as the warehouses, but 405–407, originally built as the Gaiety Theatre in 1888 and rebuilt with Dutch Colonial Revival stepped gables after a fire twenty years later.</p><br>
<p>The west side is dominated by three large three-story brick warehouses all built around 1885. To their north, at 428-430 River Street, is a two-story brick building from ten years later.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The neighborhood was isolated from downtown by the construction of the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad in the 1830s, which ran into Troy on a route paralleling Federal Street from a now-demolished bridge. This, and the river&#39;s nearby water power, made it a more desirable location for the commercial detachable-collar factories and warehouses that were opening up as what had been a local cottage industry became the mainstay of the local economy and the product that gave the city an enduring nickname.</p><br>
<p>Space in the area was limited, and later expansions and additions to the industry found even better facilities available in the city&#39;s long northern extension. The railroad tracks were eventually removed when that industry declined along with the collar factories in the 20th century, but the road was expanded to include their right of way. Some of the properties were expanded for different purposes in the 1950s. Local urban renewal efforts in the next two decades also further isolated the area from downtown, but left the remaining River Street buildings intact, preserving them as a transitional block between commercial Troy to the south and industrial Troy to the north.</p><br>
<p>Today it is not only on the Register, but included as part of the city&#39;s Riverfront Historic District. Special zoning ordinances are in place to protect its historic character. It has been redeveloped with small retail outlets and restaurants, such as the River Street Café, upstairs in 429 River Street overlooking the river.</p><br>
<p>The First Presbyterian Church and Lewis Pintard House is a pair of adjacent historic buildings in downtown New Rochelle, New York, United States. The church and its adjoining manse, the Pintard House, are on a 3 acre lot. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The First Presbyterian Church had its origins as the French Church formed by New Rochelles early Huguenot settlers. The church is a Colonial revival structure with granite quoins, designed by John Russell Pope, architect of the Jefferson Memorial. Completed in 1929, it replaced the congregations first church, which had been destroyed by fire.</p><br>
<p>Adjacent to the church building is the Pintard House, one of New Rochelle&#39;s oldest remaining houses. It was constructed in part by Alexander Allaire sometime before 1710. In 1765 it became the home of a prominent New York City merchant named Pierre Vallade who came to New Rochelle on his retirement. After Vallade died in 1770, his widow married Lewis Pintard, whose name came to be associated with the house. Pintard was a local merchant and Revolutionary War patriot who was appointed by the Continental Congress to provide assistance to American prisoners held in the City of New York during British control. The Pintard House was moved to its current location in 1928.</p><br>
<p>The Yellowstone Main Post Office in Yellowstone National Park was built in Mammoth Hot Springs as part of a facilities improvement program by the United States Post Office Department . The post office in Yellowstone was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places as part of a thematic study comprising twelve Wyoming post offices built to standardized USPOD plans in the early twentieth century. The Yellowstone facility is an understated classical structure with a low hipped roof and rounded dormers that uses a plan and a basic design vocabulary similar to that used in other post offices in the program. However it also includes restrained French Renaissance Revival elements, the only post office in the western United States to merge these two styles. It is somewhat at odds with the prevailing design theme expressed in other buildings in the former Fort Yellowstone district. The Yellowstone Main Post Office is also a contributing property to the Mammoth Hot Springs Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Powell Main Post Office in Powell, Wyoming, was built in 1937 as part of a facilities improvement program by the United States Post Office Department. The post office in Powell was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places as part of a thematic study comprising twelve Wyoming post offices built to standardized USPO plans in the early twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>The post office contains the mural, Powell&#39;s Agriculture Resulting from the Shoshine Irrigation Project by Verona Burkhard, painted in 1938 and funded by the Section of Painting and Sculpture.</p><br>
<p>The Douglas Main Post Office in Douglas, Wyoming, United States, was built in 1909 as part of a facilities improvement program by the United States Post Office Department. The post office in Douglas was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places as part of a thematic study comprising twelve Wyoming post offices built to standardized USPO plans in the early twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>The Greybull Main Post Office in Greybull, Wyoming, United States, was built in 1937 as part of a facilities improvement program by the United States Post Office Department. The post office in Greybull was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places as part of a thematic study comprising twelve Wyoming post offices built to standardized USPO plans in the early twentieth century. It is one of five post offices in the state with Section of Painting and Sculpture artwork, symbolizing the extensive New Deal public works and federal presence benefiting small communities.</p><br>
<p>The Newcastle Main Post Office is a historic post office building in Newcastle, Wyoming. Built in 1932, it was constructed as part of a facilities improvement program by the United States Post Office Department. The post office in Newcastle was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places as part of a thematic study comprising twelve Wyoming post offices built to standardized USPO plans in the early twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>The Evanston Main Post Office in Evanston, Wyoming was built in 1905 as part of a facilities improvement program by the United States Post Office Department. The post office in Evanston was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places  as part of a thematic study comprising twelve Wyoming post offices built to standardized USPO plans in the early twentieth century. It was NRHP-listed as USA Post Office-Evanston Main.</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office and Courthouse in Lander, Wyoming was built in 1907 as part of a facilities improvement program by the United States Post Office Department. The post office in Lander was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places as part of a thematic study comprising twelve Wyoming post offices built to standardized USPO plans in the early twentieth century. Lander&#39;s post office is unique among the group because it incorporates court facilities.</p><br>
<p>The building is now used as offices for a rehabilitation and disabilities advocacy group.</p><br>
<p>Old Webster Schoolhouse, also known as Markleeville Schoolhouse is a historic one-room schoolhouse located at 135 School St., Markleeville, in Alpine County, California. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. The building was initially used as a meeting room and schoolhouse before being renovated into a museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area the schoolhouse sits on was historically inhabited by the Washoe Tribe. The land may have been used as a campsite, as there are several rocks near the schoolhouse with holes in them which were used to grind corn and acorns.</p><br>
<p>The schoolhouse served as the only school in Alpine County for many years. The exact date the schoolhouse was built is unknown, but it was likely in the late 1800&#39;s. By 1927 the schoolhouse was abandoned.</p><br>
<p>In 1963, the schoolhouse faced risk of demolition as the Alpine County Unified School District wanted to develop the land to raise funds. In 1966, funding was raised by the Alpine County Historical Society to renovate the schoolhouse into a museum. The project cost about $3,500 at the time.</p><br>
<p>The building is now part of the Alpine County Museum, a complex which includes the restored one-room schoolhouse, the museum, a log jail and a silver ore stamp mill. The museum is operated by the Alpine County Historical Society and is open seasonally.</p><br>
<p>The Don S. S. Goodloe House, a 1915–16 Colonial Revival style building veneered with brick, is significant for its association with Don Speed Smith Goodloe, the first principal of the Maryland Normal and Industrial School. The school, now Bowie State University, was Marylands first postsecondary school for African Americans. As principal of the school from its opening in 1911 until 1921, Goodloe directed and managed this public institution through its formative years, a period characterized by the states unwillingness to provide adequate funding for the housing and training of the students, while two white normal schools under the state were well funded.</p><br>
<p>Forced to provide his own housing, Goodloe had this large and commodious house built to accommodate not only his family, but also students for which he received additional income from the state. The house was designed by John A. Moore, an African American architect from Washington, D.C. Goodloe occupied the house until his death in 1959. It remained in the possession of Goodloes heirs until 1990. The Goodloe house is the only building from the colleges early period still standing. It is currently named the Goodloe Alumnihouse at Bowie State University.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office in Troy, New York, United States, is located at 400 Broadway, on the corners of Fourth  and William Streets, the tenth location it has occupied in the citys history. It serves the ZIP Codes 12179 through 12182, which cover different sections of the city. In 1989 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places, and it is also a contributing property to the Central Troy Historic District, which covers much of the citys downtown commercial area.</p><br>
<p>It was built during the Great Depression as part of a massive statewide public works initiative to stimulate the economy and provide jobs. Louis Simon, supervising architect for the Treasury Department, used a stripped-down Classical Revival style for the post office, which replaced a much-beloved older one. Painter Waldo Peirce added two murals to the buildings lobby in 1938, making Troys one of only three post offices in the USA with his artwork.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The post office is a two-story, 7-by-10-bay steel frame building on granite foundation. Its two main facades (Broadway and Fourth) frame their entrances with engaged two-story pilasters on molded bases and capitals. At the top of the pilasters is a simple frieze. At the end bays the frieze is decorated with abstract stars and stripes with winged shields at the corners, where the stone surface beneath them changes from ashlar to rusticated. The Broadway frieze has the words "UNITED STATES POST OFFICE", reflecting the main entrance located underneath it.</p><br>
<p>That main entrance is reached by a set of granite steps. It is surrounded by limestone and flanked by original wrought iron lamps and lampposts. The windows to the sides are trimmed in decorative limestone as well, their bays recessed like the main entrance and the central eight bays of the Fourth Street side. A secondary entrance, similar to the main entrance but with less decoration, is located two bays north of Broadway.</p><br>
<p>The north and east (William Street) facades are faced in buff-colored brick laid in common bond, with limestone coping. To the north the building projects one bay from the main section; this ell includes the loading dock facilities. A brick chimney rises from the northeastern corner.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>Inside, two connected lobbies parallel the main facades. An original glazed aluminum vestibule on the main entrance, and a small marble lobby on the secondary, give way to a terrazzo floor, dark green marble base and veined white marble dado. The plaster walls are divided into four recessed bays flanked by marble pilasters, rising to a ceiling cornice with classical detailing. While the furniture in the lobbies is newer, most of the teller windows and the iron grillework above them, and some of the post office boxes, are original.</p><br>
<p>At either end of the lobby is a mural by Waldo Peirce, both with regional themes. The eastern one depicts Rip Van Winkle and the west one is called Legends of the Hudson. Peirce did very few public commissions, and only two other USA post offices (in Westbrook, Maine and Peabody, Massachusetts) have murals by him.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Troys first post office was established in 1796, within a decade of the citys founding, in a local law office on First Street. Over the next century it was housed in seven other downtown locations, the last two being for long periods, in the Atheneum Building on First Street (1846-1882) and the Masonic Temple on Third (1882-1894). When Congress authorized the construction of the city&#39;s first federal building in 1886, the post office was among the agencies slated for space in the new building.</p><br>
<p>The land for the new federal building cost the government $99,982 and then an additional $323,000 in 2008 dollars to build starting in 1890. It was opened in 1894; the granite Romanesque Revival-style buildings clock tower became one of the citys most enduring landmarks, dominating the downtown skyline.</p><br>
<p>In 1931, as the Great Depression was beginning, an amendment to the Public Buildings Act of 1926 authorized 136 separate postal construction projects to relieve growing unemployment. Troy&#39;s was one, but the Treasury Department, under whose umbrella the Post Office came at the time, was unable to begin the project for a few years, and it had to be reauthorized in 1934.</p><br>
<p>The plans called for the old building to be demolished; and once the newer design, by Treasury Department Supervising Architect Louis Simon, was made public there was outrage from some citizens that the popular older building was to be torn down only 40 years after it had been built. But it was insufficient to stop the project, and after $154,000 was spent to acquire the additional land the new building would need, the post office moved to the Hannibal Green Building across the street in 1934 for the two years it would take to build its new home. Stone from the old building can still be found in other parts of the city and its vicinity, used as retaining wall, fence posts and in one case, a gravestone.</p><br>
<p>Peirce painted his murals in 1938, two years after the new building opened. There have been few significant changes since then. In more recent years, an interior fire escape was added to the northwest corner, and one of the original teller bays was converted into a self-service section. The original customer tables in the lobby, and the front doors themselves, have also been replaced.</p><br>
<h2>Aesthetics</h2><br>
<p>At the time the Troy post office was built, the Treasury Department preferred the Colonial Revival style for buildings in small towns and Classical Revival for those in cities. Simon generally worked on the former and left the latter to contracted architects, with Troy&#39;s being one of the few exceptions to that principle. His building shows the influence of other styles as well.</p><br>
<p>Classical Revival is the dominant mode, particular echoing early 19th-century Greek Revival public buildings in its rectangular plan. The influence of contemporary modernist approaches, particularly Art Deco, can be seen in the stylized, streamlined ornamentation.</p><br>
<p>Bellefields is a manor house located in Croom, Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland. It was constructed about 1720. It is a brick structure in Flemish bond with random glazed headers, and two stories over a high basement. The structure is rectangular, with gabled roof sections, paired interior end chimneys, a front center entrance, wide raised belt course above the first floor, flat arched openings, and flanking symmetrical single-story wings. It is in the Georgian style. It was the home of Patrick Sim, Scottish immigrant and of his son, Col. Joseph Sim, Maryland patriot.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Later, sometime after 1849, William Duckett Bowie lived there with his second wife.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It was removed from the National Register of Historic Places on May 12, 1986.</p><br>
<p>On August 31, 2021, three of the farms 39 zebras escaped from the farm and began wandering around the woods of Upper Marlboro. In September, one of the zebras died in an illegal snare trap. In October, the Maryland Department of the Environment and the Prince Georges County Animal Services announced a plan to use two zebras from the herd at Bellefields to lure and corral the zebras back to the farm. Three animal cruelty charges were filed against the farm&#39;s owner on October 20. On December 15, the two remaining zebras were captured and returned to the farm.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>William Williams (c. 1793–1814), born Frederick Hall on the Bellefields Plantation and as an escaped slave enlisted in 38th USA Infantry Regiment, USA Army dying from his wounds after the British bombardment of Fort McHenry in the War of 1812.</p><br>
<p>The First Baptist Church of Fairport is a historic Baptist church located at 94 South Main Street at Church Street in Fairport, Monroe County, New York. It was built in 1876, and is a -story, cruciform plan, High Victorian Gothic church. It is constructed of brick and rests on a Medina sandstone foundation. It has a large square corner tower topped by a tall narrow spire. It features ornamental stone trim, a steeply pitched gray slate roof, and 72 original stained, leaded glass windows. Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>and In 2006 a national drugstore tried to buy the land but, in response to adverse local reactions including a concert held by local youth musicians, money was raised to help repair the church instead.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Snow Hill is a manor house located south of Laurel, Maryland, off Maryland Route 197, in Prince George&#39;s County. Built between 1799 and 1801, the -story brick house is rectangular, with a gambrel roof, interior end chimneys, and shed dormers. It has a center entrance with transom and a small gabled porch. A central hall plan was used, with elaborate interior and corner cupboards. The original south wing was removed and rebuilt, and the home restored in 1940. The Late Georgian style house was the home of Samuel Snowden, part owner of extensive family ironworks, inherited from his father Richard Snowden. and is now owned and operated by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission as a rental facility.</p><br>
<p>Snow Hill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>St. Ignatius Church is a Catholic church of the Archdiocese of Washington in Oxon Hill, Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The historic church structure was constructed between 1890 and 1891. The -story structure is wood frame, with clapboarding, and shingling in imbricated pattern. It is rectangular in form with a gabled roof, 80 ft projecting front belfry with spire and louvered openings, round arched openings, and modified corner buttresses. The architectural style is considered Eclectic, with elements of the Shingle and Queen Anne styles.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It is the second church on site and has served as a mission and parish church. The original church, built in 1849, was partially funded by Mary Surratt, one of the conspirators involved with the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln. It was later staffed by the Josephites, a religious society serving African Americans.</p><br>
<p>The present church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>St. Lukes Catholic Church entered into a shared community arrangement at the historic building as of September 2019. Under the agreement between the Archdiocese of Washington and the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter, the pastor of St. Lukes also serves as administrator of St. Ignatius. The principal Sunday Mass and masses during the week are now celebrated according to the Ordinariate&#39;s Anglican Use liturgy with the Divine Worship: The Missal. Masses Saturday evening and early Sunday morning continue to be celebrated in the Ordinary Form of the Roman Missal. Details of the schedule are at the parish websites referenced below.</p><br>
<p>The George Washington House, or Indian Queen Tavern, is located at Baltimore Avenue, at Upshur Street, in Bladensburg, Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland. It was constructed in the 1760s. The -story structure is constructed of brick Flemish bond on ends. The plan is rectangular, with a gabled roof, exterior end chimneys, gabled shingled dormers. There are first and second-story center entrances, each with a transom. There is a full-width one-story porch with balustraded deck and side entrances. The structure includes a later two-story rear addition. The structure is Georgian.</p><br>
<p>It represents the last remnant of a social and commercial complex established in the 1760s by Jacob Wirt, whose son William Wirt later became USA Attorney General and an 1832 presidential candidate. The Indian Queen Tavern gained its reputation as the "George Washington House" through an assumption that "George Washington slept here." Research in primary sources has shown that the extant structure was never a tavern during Washingtons lifetime, although it is possible that he stayed in the frame Indian Queen Tavern formerly located next to the present structure. The brick tavern began to be known as the "George Washington House" before 1878 when it was being used as a hotel. The structure also housed Jacob Coxeys "army" of unemployed during an 1894 march on Washington, D.C. to demand relief. It now serves as headquarters for the Anacostia Watershed Society.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Anderson Lodge or Anderson Studio was built in 1890 in the Absaroka Mountains west of Meeteetse, Wyoming, in what was then the Yellowstone Park Timber Land Reserve, soon renamed the Yellowstone Forest Reserve. The two-story rustic log structure became the home of rancher and artist Abraham Archibald Anderson from 1901 to 1905. Anderson played a significant role in the development of the forest reserve as Special Superintendent of Forest Reserves, and the Anderson Lodge was used as an administrative building for the forest.</p><br>
<p>The National Register lists the site as a historic district, including the Anderson Lodge, a one-room log cabin, an outhouse, two log footbridges, a developed spring, and a pole corral. Its significance is related to its wilderness setting, its association with the beginning of a national conservation movement in the United States, and the early history of the United States Forest Service.</p><br>
<p>The lodge location is now managed as part of Shoshone National Forest, in the Washakie Wilderness.</p><br>
<p>The T E Ranch Headquarters, near Cody, Wyoming, is a log ranch house that belonged to buffalo hunter and entertainer Buffalo Bill Cody . The house may have originally been built by homesteader Bob Burns prior to 1895, when Cody acquired the ranch. Cody expanded the ranch to about eight thousand acres , using the T E brand for his thousand head of cattle.</p><br>
<p>The house faces the Shoshone River and is a little more than 60 ft long by about 20 ft wide. Short extensions exist on the southeast and northwest sides. With its broad, gently sloping roof, it is an archetypal ranch house. Two cupolas have been built on the roof to provide light and ventilation. The house has been renovated within without substantial loss of character. The grounds include indigenous plants that have been transplanted to the house&#39;s river-bottom surroundings, a place where they would not normally exist, but which are in keeping with the headquarters of a large ranch. An unusual feature is the collection of antlers and horns placed on the grounds.</p><br>
<p>Codys TE Ranch was the center of his efforts to irrigate more than 100,000 acre of semi-arid land under the Carey Act of 1894. Codys manager was George T. Beck, who began what became known as the Shoshone Reclamation Project, which culminated in the construction of Buffalo Bill Dam. However, the project was beyond the scope of Codys finances, and he signed the water rights to the land back to the State of Wyoming in 1904. The TEs ranch lands bordered on the Yellowstone Timberland Reserve, established in 1891, which offered summer range grazing. Cody acquired neighboring properties, then cut back as financial troubles grew. At the time of Cody&#39;s death in 1917 the TE comprised about 4,000 acre and 500 head of cattle. By 1916 Cody was considering the use of the TE as a dude ranch, but died before carrying out his plan.</p><br>
<p>After Codys death the ranch passed to Philadelphian Stanley Groves. Groves continued the ranching operation but also used the TE as a family retreat, building cabins and a log octagonal library/game house. After Groves death in 1930 the property was sold to Paul Patton of Kansas City, an associate of Tom Pendergast who was forced to sell when Pendergast&#39;s political organization in Kansas City came under investigation. The next buyer was Robert W. Woodruff, then-president and later board chairman of the Coca Cola Company. The property passed from Woodruff in 1972 to another Coca Cola executive, Charles Duncan.</p><br>
<p>The Red Star Lodge and Sawmill, also known as the Shoshone Lodge, is a dude ranch in Shoshone National Forest near the east entrance to Yellowstone National Park. Built between 1924 and 1950, the ranch includes a rustic log lodge surrounded by cabins and support buildings. What is now called the Shoshone Lodge is the most intact example of a dude ranch operation in the area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Red Star Lodge occupies a 6.2 acre site leased from the USA Forest Service near US Highway 14-16-20, about 6 mi from the east entrance to Yellowstone National Park. The lodge was built by Henry Dahlem, the first sheriff of Park County, Wyoming, beginning in 1924 and progressing by stages. The second quarter of the lodge was built in 1930, the third in 1935, and the final quarter in 1944. The lodge and other structures were built of D-shaped milled logs, produced on site at the Star Sawmill. Henry&#39;s son Harry took over management of the ranch in 1949 at a time when the Forest Service called the operation "Shoshone Lodge." Harry died in 1954, and his wife Betty managed the lodge with the help of their children Keith and Deborah. Keith Dahlem operates the nearby Sleeping Giant Ski Resort in the winter, while the Shoshone Lodge is open during the summer.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The irregularly shaped grand lodge is a two-story log structure set on a stone foundation. The east half of the building is built of hand-peeled round logs, while the west portion uses D-shaped milled logs produced on site. The lodge&#39;s roof is very complex, a result of the many additions. The main lodge is surrounded by guest cabins, employee dormitories and service buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Elephant Head Lodge is a guest ranch on the road to, and only 12 miles from, the east entrance of Yellowstone National Park, in Shoshone National Forest. The ranch includes two main lodges surrounded by support buildings and guest cabins. Beginning in 1926, the Elephant Head was developed by Buffalo Bill Cody&#39;s niece, Josephine Thurston and her husband Harry W. Thurston. The lodge was named after a distinctive rock formation that rises above the property.</p><br>
<p>Bellevue is a historic plantation house located at 200 Manning Road East, in Accokeek, Prince Georges County, Maryland, United States. This Greek Revival style home was constructed in about 1840. It is one of only three surviving examples in Prince Georges County of the once-popular Tidewater house style, typical of successful small plantations of that period. Bellevue is in excellent condition, and retains its freestanding chimneys with brick pent, as well as a roughly contemporary kitchen wing. The house stands on a five-acre, partially wooded lot which exemplifies its original plantation setting.</p><br>
<p>Bellevue was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The old St. Marys Rectory is a gable-front 2-story frame dwelling of three by three bays, built in 1849 and enlarged to twice its size in 1856, and located in Aquasco, Prince Georges County, Maryland. The structure is significant for its architecture and for its association with the history of St. Pauls Parish and the community of Aquasco. The rectory is an excellent example of a vernacular building with Greek Revival and Italianate stylistic elements. The floor plan exemplifies a style typical of the dwellings of successful landowners and merchants of the mid-19th century in Prince Georges County. Original Greek Revival style elements include the front gable entrance facade, crown molded returned cornice, porch detail, interior stair detail, door and window surrounds, and the parlor mantel. Italianate elements include the heavy bracketing of the exterior cornice and the tripartite window in the north gable end.</p><br>
<p>The old rectory served St. Pauls Parish (Episcopal) through 1977, when it was sold as a private residence. Rehabilitated by its present owners, the rectory contains a significant amount of original fabric and is little changed from its mid-19th-century appearance. It is located in Aquasco, one of three remaining examples of a well-preserved agricultural community in Prince Georges County. Aquasco reached its height in the 19th century, and is the location of a number of large 19th-century planters&#39; homes. The rectory was stylishly built, perhaps because of its location in the thriving village and because of the affluence.</p><br>
<p>A grant was awarded to the rectory by Prince George&#39;s County Planning Board which enabled the rectory to undergo significant exterior restoration in 2011. The most valuable improvement was the removal of asbestos siding and the delicate restoration of the beautiful original German siding beneath.</p><br>
<p>, Prince George&#39;s County Planning Department 2010-04-01 p. 3.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Sunnyside is a historic home located in Aquasco, Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland, United States. It is a five bay wide two-story frame house with a center hall and north and south parlors, facing east on a brick foundation. The building dates to 1844. The main block of the house is a fine example of a mid-19th century I-house, and possesses a great deal of intact original fabric. The significance of the property is enhanced by the 18th century wing, in good repair and possessing its original hearth with iron fittings. The house and outbuildings are well preserved examples of vernacular southern Maryland architecture dating from the 18th through the mid 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Sunnyside is also significant for its association with its builder, Dr. Michael Jenifer Stone (II) (1804-1877). Descendants of Dr. Stone inhabited the property through 1980. Dr. Stone, prominent in the Aquasco community and in Prince George&#39;s County, was the son of Michael Jenifer Stone, a member of the United States House of Representatives, and nephew of Thomas Stone, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Villa DeSales, built in 1877–1878, is a large five-by-three bay, three-story frame High Victorian Gothic dwelling with a two-story south service wing, located at Aquasco, Prince Georges County, Maryland. The historic home is significant for its architectural character which includes a complex of six 19th century outbuildings. This architectural style is an unusual one in Southern Maryland, an area heavily agricultural historically. The large size of the house, the decorative slate roof, amount and variety of cornice and gable trusses, brackets, and pendants; and the well preserved interior with original Gothic Revival-style lighting fixtures and parlor and bedroom furnishings make the house exceptional. In the rear yard are seven domestic and agricultural outbuildings in good condition. The stable is the only High Victorian Gothic barn or stable in Prince Georges County.</p><br>
<p>Villa DeSales was built for George Forbes (1844-1931) and his wife, Fanny Bowling Forbes (1853-1929), near her family home in Aquasco. The Bowling and Forbes families were large landowners in southern Prince George&#39;s and neighboring Charles County, Maryland during the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Villa DeSales was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Central Troy Historic District is an irregularly shaped, 96 acre area of downtown Troy, New York, United States. It has been described as "one of the most perfectly preserved 19th-century downtowns in the " with nearly 700 properties in a variety of architectural styles from the early 19th to mid-20th centuries. These include most of Russell Sage College, one of two privately owned urban parks in New York, and two National Historic Landmarks. Visitors ranging from the Duke de la Rochefoucauld to Philip Johnson have praised aspects of it. Martin Scorsese used parts of downtown Troy as a stand-in for 19th-century Manhattan in The Age of Innocence.</p><br>
<p>In 1986, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), superseding five smaller historic districts that had been listed on the Register in the early 1970s. (Two years later, in 1988, the extension of the previous River Street Historic District north of Federal Street was added separately to the NRHP as the Northern River Street Historic District.) In late 2014, the State Historic Preservation Board began considering an adjustment to the districts boundaries that would be a net expansion, particularly in its southeast; that increase was made official in 2016. Most of the buildings, structures and objects within the district contribute to its historic character. Two of Troys four National Historic Landmarks, the Gurley Building and Troy Savings Bank, are located within its boundaries. Nine other buildings are listed on the Register in their own right. Among the architects represented are Alexander Jackson Davis, George B. Post, Calvert Vaux and Frederick Clarke Withers. There are many buildings designed by the regionally significant architect Marcus F. Cummings. The downtown street plan was borrowed from Philadelphia, and one neighborhood, Washington Square, was influenced by London&#39;s squares of its era.</p><br>
<p>The district reflects Troy&#39;s evolution from its origins as a Hudson River port into an early industrial center built around textile manufacture and steelmaking. During this period it was rebuilt twice in the wake of two devastating fires, resulting in its mix of architecture styles. After the decline of its industries in the mid-20th century, downtown Troy was threatened by urban renewal efforts that galvanized local preservationists, leading to the early NRHP listings and eventually the creation of the district.</p><br>
<p>Today, the city of Troy protects and preserves the district with special provisions in its zoning and programs which, with assistance from the state of New York, encourage and subsidize property owners who maintain and restore historic buildings. These efforts have paid off with increased attention from developers, the revival of much of the area, and praise from visitors to the city. With the collaboration of nearby Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Troy is hoping to make the district a center for the development of cutting-edge technologies, a "Silicon Valley of the 19th century."</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district boundary was drawn to include the highest concentration of historic resources. The street plan dates to 1787 and the most recent historic building dates to 1940, making those years the period of significance. While some newer buildings are inevitably located within the area, the boundary, where possible, excluded significant mid and late 20th-century buildings like the city hall, low-income housing projects, and the Uncle Sam Atrium, a large shopping mall downtown. All of the original five historic districts are included in full, along with other historic neighborhoods,</p><br>
<p>It is centered around the axes of US 4 and NY 2, both of which divide into one-way streets (Third and Fourth, and Congress and Ferry, respectively) to facilitate traffic flow through the city. Monument Square, the center of Troy since the late 19th century, along with all the buildings around it (save for the late 20th-century brutalist City Hall, demolished in 2011) are located within its northwestern corner. At its western end it is partially bounded by the Hudson River and the former River Street Historic District.</p><br>
<p>To the south it includes the older buildings of Russell Sage College, Washington Square Park and the houses on Adams Street, the districts southern boundary. The mostly regular southeastern boundary follows Clinton Street until it reaches Ferry. Then it becomes ragged and irregular, reaching the districts northernmost extent at the former Grand Street Historic District. This extension allows it to include as well the Gurley Building and its surrounding neighborhood, formerly the Fifth Street-Fulton Street Historic District.</p><br>
<p>To the east of the district Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Troy&#39;s most notable institution of higher learning, is situated on a low rise overlooking downtown. RPI has played an increasing role in the district in recent years, and now owns several notable buildings.</p><br>
<p>The entire district is densely developed, primarily residential in its northern and southern portions, with commercial use concentrated in central blocks near Monument Square. The only significant open spaces within it are the one-block Washington Park near its southern end and Seminary Park, the main quad at Russell Sage. Most of the major streets and the central area of the district are lined with multi-story dwellings that are primarily commercial but with a mix of office and residential space on their upper floors. On the side streets, there are smaller-scale residential townhouses. Institutional use is limited to Russell Sage, a few churches, RPI&#39;s buildings and governmental structures like the county courthouse and post office. No industrial use, past or present, is within the district, with the notable exception of the Gurley Building, and even that has been scaled back in recent years.</p><br>
<h3>2016 expansion</h3><br>
<p>In 2014 the State Historic Preservation Board considered a boundary adjustment that removes a small area at the northeast corner but adds far more, primarily at the southeast. It would include a total of 200 new contributing properties and extend the districts period of significance to 1978, to take into account the citys urban renewal era. Most of the new areas had been found to be consistent with those already included in the district or accidentally excluded when the district was originally designated. Two years later the National Park Service officially approved the expansion.</p><br>
<p>The most significant change to the district is the extension on the southeast, to the boundary of the citys Eighth Ward in 1870. Between Adams and Ferry streets, three blocks would be added, with the new boundary following the west side of St. Marys Avenue, excluding a newer house at the northwest corner of the Washington Avenue intersection, and then rear property lines to Kennedy Lane and Hill Street just south of Adams. Two-story rowhouses predominate in this area, many built as worker housing during the 19th century, some as early as the Federal period. Some have intact storefronts. It also has the only significant industrial building in the proposed expanded district, the former Lusco Paper Works on the northwest corner of Fifth and Liberty streets. The area has begun to see some restoration efforts, such as some Greek Revival rowhouses on Liberty Street near Fourth, which will benefit from state tax credits should the area be added to the district.</p><br>
<p>On the west side the boundary would be extended a block, from First to River Street at the Congress Street Bridge approaches, between Division and Ferry streets. This includes a large brick dorm complex built by Russell Sage College (RSC) in the early 1960s. It was the college&#39;s last large-scale construction project in the city; with its inclusion all of RSC would be within the district. To its south another proposed extension reaches across a small park on First to include the 1905 Beth Tephilah synagogue, a neoclassical brick structure that retains most of its integrity.</p><br>
<p>Two other changes take in other significant buildings. Along the north side of Ferry at the districts east, just north of the Eighth Ward addition, the boundary would be extended east, taking in another set of rowhouses on the west side of Fifth and the citys former jail and sheriff&#39;s office at the northeast corner of Ferry and Fifth. On the north, the Uncle Sam Atrium shopping mall and parking garage complex, occupying most of the block between Broadway and Third, Fourth and Fulton streets would now be included. Built in 1978, it is the only significant example of modern architecture in the district and the last large-scale project built in downtown Troy.</p><br>
<p>Other, smaller areas proposed for inclusion are a group of brick houses, some of them blighted, along the south side of Washington Street between First Street Alley and River; a rowhouse and community garden on the corners of Adams Street and Second Street Alley; and another group of rowhouses along the west side of Fifth Street between State and Congress Streets. The only areas proposed for removal are large portions of the blocks on the west side of Sixth Avenue on either side of Fulton. At the time the district was established, they were occupied by large industrial buildings, both of which were later demolished and replaced by parking lots.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The history of the Central Troy Historic District is, particularly in its earlier years, the history of Troy itself. Until the later 19th century, the present downtown area was the city. Two devastating fires, along with changes in the economy brought about by industrialization, shaped the district into today&#39;s architecturally diverse downtown.</p><br>
<h3>Pre-industrial years</h3><br>
<p>Prior to independence, there had only been a few scattered Dutch farmers settled on the Hudson above Albany. In 1787, a group of New Englanders headed west and persuaded one Jacob Vanderhyden to sell them a large tract which they then subdivided and named Troy. The dividing line between two of the family&#39;s farms was called Grand Division Street, later shortened to Grand Street.</p><br>
<p>They based its grid-like street plan on Philadelphias, with numbered north-south streets running inland from the river after River Street, the citys first commercial center.</p><br>
<p>In 1793, the new settlement was designated the Rensselaer County seat. Two years later, the visiting Duke de la Rochefoucauld noted the "neat and numerous houses" and active businesses engaged in river-based trade. "The sight of this activity is truly charming", he said, in one of the earliest published descriptions of the city. In 1798 Troy incorporated as a village.</p><br>
<p>The village&#39;s population more than tripled in the first 15 years of the new century, leading it to reincorporate as a city in 1816. With River Street getting built out, banks began taking advantage of the street plan and locating on First Street, previously a residential area. By 1807, another visitor from abroad, British painter John Lambert, described a town that had already grown considerably from what de la Rochefoucauld saw a dozen years earlier:</p><br>
<p>Little of that Troy remains due to an 1820 fire which started in a First Street stable and eventually consumed much of the extant village. A column at 225 River Street bears a stone indicating that this was where the fire was stopped after it had gone on for weeks. Unlike its classical namesake, Troy rebuilt quickly, with newer brick homes and commercial buildings, built to stricter standards, replacing the old ones and expanding again.</p><br>
<h3>Industrialization and growth</h3><br>
<p>In 1824, a gazetteer of the state echoed earlier accounts in calling River Street "the mart of business". The same year, RPI was founded on the hill to the east of downtown, to train engineers for the city&#39;s burgeoning industrial sector. The relationship between the city and university would later become significant in preserving the historic district.</p><br>
<p>This growth would continue due to transportation improvements in the 1820s. Troys businessmen had already built a turnpike to Schenectady, the path followed today by Route 2 from Troy to Colonie. These trade routes were enhanced by the Erie and Champlain canals, which opened new markets to the north and west, while the Troy Steamboat Companys debut did likewise for the south. The access to iron ore mines in the Adirondack Mountains also got some local businessmen into iron refining. In 1835 the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad brought that technology to the city, and in 1842 the completion of the Schenectady and Troy Railroad linked Troy to the vast network that reached as far west as Buffalo.</p><br>
<p>The stage was set for Troys industrialization. The development of the detachable collar by Hannah Lord Montague in 1827 had given the city the product that still lends it its "Collar City" nickname. Plants were built to manufacture them commercially, as well as cuffs and other textile products. Most of these were located to the north of the downtown area, as it was continuing to grow as the citys commercial district and residential area for the well-to-do of the time along Second Street.</p><br>
<p>With the newer money and newer neighborhoods came newer architectural trends. St. Pauls Episcopal Church, built in 1827, is an early Gothic Revival church, based on Ithiel Towns Trinity Church in New Haven, Connecticut. Eight years later, Town himself would design the Cannon Building in collaboration with Alexander Jackson Davis.</p><br>
<p>Greek Revival residences were first built in Troy along Second Street in the late 1820s. In 1839, six local businessmen bought a parcel of land between Second and Third at the south end of what was then the developed area of the city and created Washington Park. Modeled on contemporary British residential squares such as those found in London&#39;s Bloomsbury neighborhoods, its first phase, on Washington Place, featured rows of townhouses with a unified facade fronting on a park reserved exclusively for residents, whose deeds require a monthly maintenance fee. It retains its integrity despite some later alterations and damage and is one of only two privately owned urban parks in New York.</p><br>
<p>In 1843, another group of planned Greek Revival townhouses was built at 160-168 Second Street. Unusual for urban houses, they featured one-and-a-half-story porticos on their front facades, with Ionic columns, and (originally) side yards. Another house was built at 170, several years later, in a similar style. They were widely imitated elsewhere in the city.</p><br>
<p>The citys industries reached their peak in the 1850s, and the wealth it created explored new architectural trends. The emerging Italianate style began to make its mark, particularly in commercial buildings around Monument Square and along "Bankers Row", First between State and River. St. Paul&#39;s Place was built around 1850 on the south side of State between Fourth and Fifth. Following the dictates of the Washington Park-area deeds, the houses were built with a unified facade as well as a central parapet. The Uri Gilbert Mansion on Second Street west of Washington Park is the most significant detached Italianate home from that era.</p><br>
<p>Russell Sage built a row of Gothic Revival houses on Second Street in 1846 that survives, albeit without some of their original ornamentation. On the edges of town, some architects began exploring that styles Picturesque mode. A new row of townhouses at Washington Park went up, and another Second Street row followed in 1855. The following year, St. Johns Episcopal Church, at First and Liberty Streets, was the first use of that style for a city church.</p><br>
<p>During the Civil War, Troys industries played a key role in supporting the Union cause. The Burden Ironworks is said to have supplied all the Union Armys horseshoes, and another local ironworks supplied the USS Monitor&#39;s hull plating. Its owners would later produce the first Bessemer process steel in the United States after the war.</p><br>
<p>In 1862 Troy suffered another major fire, the worst in its history. A locomotive&#39;s spark ignited the wooden Green Island drawbridge that existed at the time, and when that could not be contained to the bridge it spread to the east, ultimately devastating 507 buildings over a 16-block area. As before, the city rebuilt quickly, with the area along Fifth between Broadway and Grant Street, where Cummings built a row of houses between Fifth and Sixth, most strongly reflecting this era of rapid construction and reconstruction. The Gurley Building, too, rose in just eight months from the ashes of its predecessor. The nearby neighborhood also became desirable, with many local businessmen moving into newly built homes along Fifth.</p><br>
<h3>Postwar prosperity</h3><br>
<p>As the postwar years yielded to the Gilded Age, Troys prosperity continued. The wealth created by its industries built some of the citys most notable Victorian buildings. Frederick Clarke Withers designed First Streets Rice Building in 1871, a five-story flatiron-shaped building representative of his Victorian Gothic style. The Cannon Building got a contemporary mansard roof after two fires. Cummings 1870 Congregation Berith Sholom Temple on Third Street is among the oldest synagogue buildings still standing in the United States, the oldest Reform synagogue in New York, and one of the most significant religious buildings in the district from this period. In 1875, George B. Post won a competition to build a new home for the Troy Savings Bank, with an upstairs auditorium. While his building was in the Renaissance Revival style of the time, its forms and decorations anticipated his later work in the Beaux-Arts vein.</p><br>
<p>The Panic of 1873 put a damper on this growth, and in the interim the citys steel industry began to decline, squeezed by competition from newer, more efficient producers in Western Pennsylvania and the Midwest on one side and labor unrest at home. But the textile industry remained strong, and even grew. Accordingly, its residents continued to embrace new movements in architecture. The 1880 pharmacy building at 137 Second Street featured a highly decorated cast iron storefront and curved windows showing the influence of the Queen Anne Style. Further down Second Street, industrialist Jonas Heartts house built that same year is one of the best residential applications of the same style.</p><br>
<p>Cummings explored the Richardsonian Romanesque mode in several of his buildings at Russell Sage. The Paine Mansion at 49 Second Street applied the same style, with arcaded entrance loggia and corner tower, to a home. The brick drugstore annex at 155-157 River Street is a particularly representative commercial example of the style. In 1893 the World&#39;s Columbian Exposition in Chicago popularized the Classical and Renaissance revivals and Beaux-Arts style. They came to Troy very quickly when Marcus Cummings and his son Frederick designed the Classical Revival county courthouse at 80 Second Street, the third to occupy the site, the following year. A short distance away three years later, the Renaissance Revival Hart Memorial Library was built of Vermont marble, joining the similarly styled 1895 Frear Mansion, also on Second Street.</p><br>
<p>As the 20th century dawned, builders and architects concentrated their efforts in the northern half of the district, primarily on commercial structures as the downtown area was no longer popular as a place for new residences. Monument Square, created in 1891 when a statue of Columbia was erected atop the Soldiers and Sailors Monument in the triangular area formed by the intersection of Broadway, River and Second streets, became a new focal point of development. There the McCarthy Building on Monument Square, and the similar National State Bank and Ilium buildings on Broadway, all built in 1904, show the decorative influence of the eras revival styles. Proctors Theater, ten years later on Fourth Street, continued the tradition.</p><br>
<p>Other architects chose the eras simpler styles, like Arts and Crafts, as a contrast. The marble-and-brick 1905 YMCA building on Second Street, and the six-story Caldwell Apartments at State and Second streets are two of the districts best examples of that style. The latter building, built in 1907, was also the first large-scale apartment building in the city. The Colonial Revival style would also leave its mark in Troy with several buildings. Most notable among them is the Hendrick Hudson Hotel on the east side of Monument Square, a six-story structure that was the largest building ever built in the city at the time. Projects of similar scale, and the city&#39;s annexation of the village of Lansingburgh to its north, helped swell its population to over 72,000 in 1930, its alltime peak.</p><br>
<h3>Depression and decline</h3><br>
<p>New construction almost halted when the Great Depression began in the 1930s. As a result, there are few buildings in the district in that eras architectural styles. The post office at Fourth and Broadway, built despite much public outcry over the demolition of its landmark 1894 predecessor, is the districts most notable building of the 1930s. Its stripped-down Classical Revival style shows the influence of Art Deco in its smooth, finished surfaces. The enameled metal facade on a Third Street storefront, dating to 1940, makes it the only building in the district to show any trace of the Streamline Moderne style.</p><br>
<p>World War II sustained the city&#39;s economy with an increased demand for textiles and all other products it could make. After the war ended, the textile mills, faced with competition from producers in the lower-wage South, closed or left.</p><br>
<p>After a brief postwar increase, Troy&#39;s population began a continuing decline. The city began the first of several urban renewal plans shortly after adopting its 1962 master plan. Those plans called for the demolition of many buildings downtown, to be replaced by a new arterial road, large public housing projects and a shopping mall. After various delays, those projects were either scaled back or abandoned entirely. In the interim many businesses either closed or moved out of downtown.</p><br>
<h3>Preservation and renewal</h3><br>
<p>In the late 1960s, public opposition to the planned demolition of some of the historic structures downtown like the McCarthy Building led to them being placed on the then-new National Register. In the early 1970s, the five predecessor historic districts were recognized and added as well, along with some other structures.</p><br>
<p>Urban renewal programs are funded in part by federal grants. The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, which created the NRHP, requires that federal agencies give consideration to the opinions of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation in assessing the impact their actions will have on listed properties and consider alternatives to any action that would destroy or significantly affect them. The listings of downtown Troy&#39;s districts and buildings therefore had the practical effect of preventing their demolition for urban renewal.</p><br>
<p>By the 1980s, after a Troy Downtown Historic District had been declared eligible for the NRHP by the states Historic Preservation Office but not yet submitted to the National Park Service (NPS), which administers the Register, local preservationists realized that the existing historic districts did not fully embrace all of downtowns historic properties. Instead of applying for boundary increases or nominating more individual properties to the Register, the city decided to merge all five into a new, central district.</p><br>
<p>Troys downtown began reviving. In 1993, Martin Scorsese used the Second Street area, particularly the Paine Mansion, and some of the Russell Sage buildings as locations for his adaptation of Edith Whartons The Age of Innocence, since they replicated the appearance of 1870s Manhattan. River Street became home to many antique stores. Developers began buying the old buildings and adapting them to contemporary uses.</p><br>
<p>RPI began buying properties such as the Rice and Gurley buildings, moving students and faculty into them. In 2006, The New York Times described the city as having "one of the most perfectly preserved 19th-century downtowns in the United States." The district&#39;s success led to the proposed expansion in 2014.</p><br>
<h2>Significant contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>The district includes all the area of the original five districts, two National Historic Landmarks, nine properties listed on the National Register in their own right, and several other noteworthy contributing properties among its 679 total historic resources.</p><br>
<h3>Predecessor districts</h3><br>
<p>Fifth Street-Fulton Street Historic District. Many of the city&#39;s then-prominent businessmen built townhouses here, near the Gurley Building, after the 1862 fire.</p><br>
<p>Grand Street Historic District: Marcus Cummings built townhouses here after that fire.</p><br>
<p>River Street Historic District: The city&#39;s antique district is the oldest neighborhood in Troy, and its pre-industrial commercial center.</p><br>
<p>Second Street Historic District: Many unaltered homes dating to the 1820s, some of them owned by prominent city residents, in the vicinity of the Troy Savings Bank building.</p><br>
<p>Washington Park Historic District: Local businessmen started the citys first planned neighborhood in 1839, the first large Greek Revival development in the city. They used Londons residential squares as their model. Philip Johnson called it "one of the finest squares in North America".</p><br>
<h3>National Historic Landmarks</h3><br>
<p>W. & L.E. Gurley Building: Fifth and Fulton streets. Built in just nine months after 1862 fire, this location has been home to Gurley Precision Instruments since 1845. The building, with Renaissance and classically inspired stylings, is an unusual example of a commercial building extremely sympathetic to its neighboring residences. Today owned by RPI and home to some of its divisions, including the Lighting Research Center.</p><br>
<p>Troy Savings Bank: 32 Second Street. Designed by George B. Post in 1875 in stylings that anticipate the emergence of Beaux-Arts,</p><br>
<h3>National Register of Historic Places</h3><br>
<p>Cannon Building: 1-9 Broadway, on the south side of Monument Square. This 1835 collaboration by Alexander Jackson Davis and Ithiel Town got a mansard roof after an 1870 fire.</p><br>
<p>Hart-Cluett Mansion: An 1828 Federal mansion on Second Street built by a New York merchant as a wedding gift to his daughter. Largely unchanged, it is today the home of the Rensselaer County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>Ilium Building: Marcus Cummings designed this commercial building at Fourth and Fulton in 1904.</p><br>
<p>McCarthy Building: 255 River Street, on the west side of Monument Square. Another 1904 building, noted for large proscenium-style front arch window from original use as furniture showroom. Today it hosts the Troy offices of a regional media company.</p><br>
<p>National State Bank Building: 297 River Street. Its fenestration and decoration is similar to Cummings&#39; Ilium Building a block away.</p><br>
<p>Proctor&#39;s Theater: A 1914 theater on Fourth Street transitioned smoothly between live-entertainment and motion-picture eras. but a new proposal to gut the interior completely has been the subject of local controversy.</p><br>
<p>St. Pauls Episcopal Church: State and Third streets. This 1828 stone Gothic Revival structure is an almost exact duplicate of Ithiel Towns Trinity Church in New Haven, Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>Troy Public Library: 100 Second Street. It is an 1897 white marble building that has been described as "one of the finest works of Italian Renaissance architecture in the country".</p><br>
<p>USA Post Office: Fourth and Broadway. Built in 1936, it is one of the most modern of the contributing properties in the district, using a stripped Classical Revival style for the tenth post office location in the city&#39;s history. Its lobby contains one of only three Waldo Peirce murals in American post offices.</p><br>
<h3>Other notable contributing properties</h3><br>
<p>Commercial building at 46 Third Street: Downtown Troy&#39;s only example of Streamline Moderne architecture. Having an enameled metal facade and storefront, and dating to 1940, it is the newest contributing property in the district.</p><br>
<p>Caldwell Apartments: Second and State streets. This Arts and Crafts-style building from 1907 was Troy&#39;s first large-scale apartment building.</p><br>
<p>The Conservatory of Troy: 65 Third Street built in 1903 for the Dodge Dry Goods Co was Troy’s first skyscraper. Built by the same firm that constructed the famous Flatiron Building in Manhattan.</p><br>
<p>Congregation Berith Sholom Temple: 167 Third Street. The oldest Reform synagogue in New York, and one of the oldest surviving synagogues in the country; built in 1870 by Cummings.</p><br>
<p>Hendrick Hudson Hotel: Located on the east side of Monument Square. This seven-story brick Colonial Revival building, dating to 1932, is the largest building on the square.</p><br>
<p>House at 18 First Street The oldest house in the district is this Federal-style brick house, built in 1808 and added to in 1875, that survived the 1820 fire.</p><br>
<p>Julia Howard Bush Center: Originally First Presbyterian Church, on the Russell Sage campus in Seminary Park at First and Congress streets. A Greek Revival hexastyle temple-front church built in 1835, it is one of only ten remaining buildings in that style in the USA</p><br>
<p>Paine Mansion: 49 2nd Street. This limestone-faced Romanesque Revival home was built in 1894.</p><br>
<p>Rensselaer County Courthouse: 80 Second Street. The third courthouse on the site was built in 1894 by Cummings in the Classical Revival style. The neighboring Second Street Presbyterian Church, built in 1833, was later annexed to it and remodeled in 1913.</p><br>
<p>Rice Building: First and River streets. Calvert Vaux and Frederick Clarke Withers designed this Polychrome 1871 brick flatiron-shaped building. One of the district&#39;s rare examples of Victorian Gothic; formerly owned by RPI, the building is now owned by Tai Ventures and is home to several technology businesses.</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Episcopal Church: First and Liberty streets. Henry Dudley designed this Stone Gothic Revival church built in 1856 by in the style of English parish churches that closely follows models of church design embraced by the contemporary Oxford Movement.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Place: Off State Street between Fourth and Fifth avenues. This is a street of six attached three-story brick rowhouses built ca. 1850. They feature a variation on Italianate norms with bracketed gables and rounded-arch windows and doors rarely seen with that style in an urban environment.</p><br>
<p>Thompson Drug Company Annex: 155-157 River Street. This five-story Richardsonian Romanesque brick building from 1888 copies one of Richardson&#39;s buildings in Pittsburgh.</p><br>
<p>Vail House: 46 First Street. This Federal-style 1818 home is the most notable structure to have survived the 1820 fire.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>The city has recognized the historic district in its zoning code. It divides the area into six separate districts — the Riverfront, First, Second, Third, Fourth Street and Fifth Avenue local historic districts. The Riverfront district includes the neighborhood to the northwest listed on the National Register as the Northern River Street Historic District. The other five are roughly aligned with the eponymous streets, with the First Street district consisting of two detached areas, the Second and Third street districts taking up most of the central area and the other two occupying the northeastern corner of the district. The city has also made some grants and tax exemptions available to qualified property owners. The citys current master plan calls for enhancing the districts mixed-use character, by encouraging both residential use and businesses that serve consumers, particularly retailers, and providing tax incentives for the rehabilitation of historic homes.</p><br>
<p>Troy&#39;s ordinances designate its Planning Commission as the Historic District and Landmarks Review Commission. Property owners in the district must get special permission from the commission for any work on their properties beside ordinary maintenance (and even for that in some cases), to make sure it leaves the historic character of the property and the surrounding buildings intact.</p><br>
<p>In 1989, the state added most of the district to Troy&#39;s Empire Zone. This economic development incentive gives businesses that locate in the included areas tax credits and exemptions to encourage them to locate there. The state has also moved some of its employees into the district, through the interventions of former State Senate majority leader Joseph Bruno, a resident of nearby Brunswick, who represented the district that included the city. He steered state grants towards the rehabilitation of the buildings that now house state government offices, as well as school aid that helped the city keep its property taxes low. City officials say his help has been vital and will be missed following his 2008 resignation.</p><br>
<p>RPI has acquired several significant downtown properties, such as the Gurley and Rice buildings and Proctor&#39;s Theater,</p><br>
<p>The private sector has also played a large role in revitalizing the area, even without public aid and incentives. Developers have been attracted to the historic buildings and their surrounding neighborhoods, calling it the citys strongest asset, although they have complained about past stalemates in city government. One initiative has often led to others. River Streets development into a center for antique stores came about without any public effort or intent, and the restoration of the music hall at the Savings Bank led to many new restaurants opening in the neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>Developers, the city, and the colleges see downtown Troy&#39;s future as a center for high-tech companies and the good-paying jobs they provide. In addition to its historic character, the area has space available and is walkable. One local official calls Troy "the Silicon Valley of the 19th century".</p><br>
<p>The revitalization of downtown Troy has not been entirely without controversy over some of its historic buildings. A 2009 proposal to redevelop Proctors by gutting its interior and converting it to office space led to serious opposition. and started an online petition against the use of any state funds for the project. Proponents, including the head of the citys Downtown Collaborative, said that after three decades of the vacant buildings deterioration, any redevelopment proposal should be seriously considered, regardless of its impact on the buildings historic character.</p><br>
<p>Bostwick is a historic home located a short distance below Lowndes Hill, the present-day property of Bladensburg Elementary School in Bladensburg, Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland, United States. According to its date plaque, it was built in 1746 by Christopher Lowndes . The house was later the home of Lowndes’ son-in-law, Benjamin Stoddert , first Secretary of the Navy. Colonel Thomas H. Barclay  resided at "Bostwick," the oldest surviving structure at Bladensburg.</p><br>
<p>Located nearby is the Market Master&#39;s House, also built by Lowndes.</p><br>
<p>Bostwick is a -story brick structure laid up in Flemish bond. A basement and ground level lies under the entire house. The gable roof, with dormer windows, is slightly belled at the eaves. The main (west) facade is five bays with a central doorway. A one-story porch extends across the front, and the pedimented central bay of the porch projects forward. "C.L. 1746" in wrought lead painted black is embedded high in the south chimney. Also on the south side is a distinctive buttress added about 1800 by Stoddert, who was concerned about a crack in the wall on that side of the house. At the base of the buttress are two dungeons or cells. A gable-roofed common bond brick detached kitchen stands northeast of the house. Southeast of the house are several 19th century outbuildings and a barn.</p><br>
<p>Bostwick was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The house suffered damage to the north chimney and roof in the August 2011 east coast earthquake. In 2012, Preservation Maryland placed Bostwick on its list of threatened historic properties.</p><br>
<p>The William Hilleary House, or Hilleary-Magruder House, is a historic home located at Bladensburg in Prince Georges County, Maryland, United States. The house is the only 18th-century stone, gambrel-roofed house in Prince Georges County. It is now surrounded to the south and west by an exit ramp connecting Kenilworth Avenue with Annapolis Road.</p><br>
<p>It was built between 1742 and 1764 by William Hilleary. The house passed through a number of 18th-century owners, including Richard Henderson. Henderson was a prominent merchant and land speculator, who served as a County Justice and was well known for his "paper wars" in local newspapers. George Washingtons diary, May 9, 1787, states that he dined at Richard Hendersons in Bladensburgh. Henderson sold the property in 1793 to Major David Ross, son of the surgeon and merchant Dr. David Ross, as well as business partner of Hendersons in the Frederick Forge on Antietam Creek. Ross father, Dr. David Ross, was the "Agent Victualer" for the Maryland troops during the French and Indian War. Father Dr. David Ross owned the famed "Ross Home", which was often referred to as the old brick hospital. In August 1814, the Ross Home was used for a hospital during the Battle of Bladensburg of the War of 1812. Dr. Ross was an original inhabitant of Bladensburg, had served as a Town Commissioner, and from 1750 to 1759 had been a Justice of the County Court.</p><br>
<p>The William Hilleary House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. In 1979 Prince George&#39;s Heritage, Inc., took on the ownership and restoration of the Hilleary-Magruder House.</p><br>
<p>The Market Masters House is an 18th-century vernacular Colonial-era stone dwelling with 20th-century additions, set at the rear of a long, narrow lot in Bladensburg, Prince Georges County, Maryland. It was constructed c. 1765, when Bladensburg was an active tobacco shipping port.</p><br>
<p>The Market Masters House is significant for its association with the 18th century development of the town of Bladensburg. Lot 38 of Bladensburg was purchased by Christopher Lowndes, who built nearby Bostwick, on September 23, 1760. The use of the Market Masters House as a headquarters for tobacco inspectors or an overseer of tobacco marketing activity has not been proven, and no description of an approved Market Master has been found for the town of Bladensburg. However, the Market Masters House is one of only four buildings remaining from this significant period of the towns history.</p><br>
<p>The original block is a two-by-one bay, gable-roofed, 25 × 20 foot structure, 1 stories, of randomly laid roughly shaped non-native stone. The stone is thought to have been brought to the site originally as ship ballast, therefore it is also known as the Ship&#39;s Ballast House. It contains one room on the first story, a corner stair, and one room on the second story. A small two-story west kitchen addition and one-story south shed-roofed addition were added about 1920, with later additions and renovations completed in 1956. In May - June 2009, the Maryland State Highway Administration and the Center for Heritage Resource Studies (CHRS) at the University of Maryland, College Park sponsored archeological digs at the site.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The ODea House, is a historic home located in Berwyn Heights, Prince Georges County, Maryland, United States. The house was built in 1888 from a pattern book design and is a -story frame Queen Anne-style dwelling. Most notable of its features is the three-story octagonal tower and varied ornamental surface coverings.</p><br>
<p>The ODea House is significant for its association with the development of Berwyn Heights, originally Charlton Heights, an early streetcar suburb of Washington, D.C. and for its architectural character. Beginning in the 1870s, the area northeast of Washington was the scene of active and continuous development as the population of the city increased and railroad suburbs such as Berwyn Heights gradually grew and expanded around it. The ODea House is one of the houses erected by the Charlton Heights Improvement Company to spur development of its new community. In typical fashion, these company-built houses were often mail order or pattern book houses. The pattern for the O&#39;Dea House is from an 1888 published design by Robert W. Shoppell.</p><br>
<p>The ODea House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. It was sold in 1939 to Lawrence and Alice ODea, and bears their name.</p><br>
<p>Abraham Hall, constructed in 1889, is located on the northeast side of Old Muirkirk Road in the center of the historic African American community of Rossville, a section of Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland near Beltsville.</p><br>
<p>It was constructed by the Benevolent Sons and Daughters of Abraham, an African American society that was established for the social welfare of its members. Originally known as Rebecca Lodge #6 of the Benevolent Sons and Daughters of Abraham, the building was constructed by John W. Jackson in 1889 in the burgeoning community of Rossville. Abraham Hall, an excellent example of a multi-purpose building associated with African Americans, served as a meeting hall, a house of worship, a school, and a social hall for African Americans living in a segregated society.</p><br>
<p>The lodge hall functioned as the community black school, until a Rosenwald School was built in 1922.</p><br>
<p>The structure is set back from the road on a 3.85 acre grassy lot with mature trees. It is a three-bay, two-story gable front frame lodge building with a brick foundation, wood lap siding with cornerboards, and a shake roof with a boxed cornice. A brick chimney rises from the northwest slope of the roof. Both the interior and exterior of the building were carefully restored between 1986 and 1991 using original materials or in-kind replacements.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Hilltop Manor is an historic apartment complex located in Bladensburg, Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland. The complex consists of eight brick garden apartment buildings, each of which is divided into two to six units or sections, constructed in 1942 and 1943.</p><br>
<p>The structures exhibit characteristics of both the Colonial Revival and Moderne style, reflecting an architectural transition between the traditional elements of the Colonial Revival style and the streamlined features of the Moderne style.</p><br>
<p>The complex consists of 150 apartments interspersed among eight buildings with 32 units. Each unit contains between four and eight apartments, with the exception of one unit, 5210 53rd Place, which consists of only three apartments. In all, there are five apartment layouts with varying numbers of bedrooms. The majority of the apartments (122) have one bedroom. The remaining apartments consist of two-bedroom apartments; there is one three-bedroom basement apartment. The five basic apartment types, excluding the one three-bedroom apartment, consist of one-bedroom apartments with eat-in kitchens; one-bedroom apartments with separate dining rooms; L-shaped one-bedroom apartments; two-bedroom apartments; and duplex apartments. Despite minor renovations, the interior configurations of the apartments have remained intact.</p><br>
<p>It was one of the first garden-apartment complexes constructed in the county as a result of the population increase of the Washington metropolitan area during World War II. Hilltop Manor was financed under Section 608 Title VI of the National Housing Act, the primary vehicle for World War II Defense Housing and Federal Housing Administration (FHA) financing. Thus, Hilltop Manor, intended as permanent housing, illustrates the size, scale, and design of garden-apartment complexes constructed during World War II, which was often characterized by temporary housing developments. Hilltop Manor, surrounded by the established streetcar suburb of Defense Heights and adjacent to the new Bladensburg Elementary School, was an alternative to the single-family dwellings in the area and was ideal for young middle-class families. Its location along Defense Highway, which opened in 1927, heightened convenience to Washington, D.C. It is one of the first garden-apartment complexes designed by accomplished local architects Ross & Walton.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Quintin Blair House in Cody, Wyoming, United States, was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and built 1952–1953. The house is an example of Wright&#39;s "natural house" theme, emphasizing close integration of house and landscape. It is the only Wright building in Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>Ruth Taggart Blair was a student at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts during the 1930s. Her professor, Bruce Goff, took the class to visit Taliesin at Spring Green, Wisconsin, where they met Wright. In 1951 Ruth and Quintin Blair were visiting Arizona, when Ruth suggested that they visit Taliesin West in Arizona, Wrights winter home. They were met by Wright in the driveway, introduced themselves, and were invited to stay for lunch. At the luncheon, Wright expressed a desire to design a house for them, as he had no buildings in Wyoming. At Wrights suggestion, the Blairs bought some land away from town, as Wright did not want to design for a city lot. The house was completed in 1953.</p><br>
<p>The house is laid out on a 4 ft by 4 ft grid. The house is dominated by a low, nearly flat roof that flares dramatically over the living room, where three sides of the room are floor-to-ceiling glass. The windows have mitered corners, eliminating a support and giving the impression that the glass itself incorporates a right-angle bend. A small triangular bay projects from the glass wall as a piano niche, a common Wright element. Exterior wall materials are primarily locally quarried ashlar sandstone.</p><br>
<p>The site is a 40 acre parcel near a small creek about 15 ft below the house. Springs near the house have been dammed by a wall aligned with the piano bay&#39;s angled wall, forming a small pond. The house has been modified and somewhat enlarged, with consultation from Taliesin.</p><br>
<p>The Blair House was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Snowy Range Lodge, formerly known as the Libby Lodge, is located in the Snowy Range of Medicine Bow National Forest in Wyoming. The three-story log lodge was built in 1925 as the Libby Lodge. From 1925 to the mid-1970s, the Lodge served as a classic mountain lodge, sleeping up to 75 people in the main lodge and in ten cabins on 40 acres leased from the US Forest Service. In the mid-1970s, it fell into a state of abandonment, neglect, and disrepair such that the Forest Service planned to burn and bulldoze it as it presented a liability risk to National Forest users who might venture inside.</p><br>
<p>The Lodge was purchased and rehabilitated by a local family and currently serves as a private residence, and private hire for events (not accommodation).</p><br>
<p>The Lower Woodward Avenue Historic District, also known as Merchant&#39;s Row, is a mixed-use retail, commercial, and residential district in downtown Detroit, Michigan, located between Campus Martius Park and Grand Circus Park Historic District at 1201 through 1449 Woodward Avenue  and 1400 through 1456 Woodward Avenue . The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Lower Woodward Avenue Historic District contains thirty-four commercial buildings built at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth, many by architects. By the 1920s, this area of the city was one of the most active shopping districts in the nation; in 1925, the State and Woodward intersection was the most active pedestrian crossing corner in the USA</p><br>
<p>Many famous and historic Detroit businesses either began or had flagship stores in or near the district, including Vernors, Sanders Confectionery, Winkelmans, S.S. Kresge Co., F. W. Woolworth Company, and Hudsons. In 2011, the Forbes Company which owns the upscale Somerset Collection mall in the suburb of Troy debuted a group of seasonal pop-up mini-shops called Somerset Collection CityLoft on Merchants Row as part of Downtown Detroit Days, generally open the last Thursday through Saturday of the month from June through August, and occasionally September. Michigan-based outdoor outfitter Moosejaw has opened a Detroit location along Merchants Row at 1275 Woodward Avenue. The Elliott Building located at 1403 Woodward Ave. began re-development in July 2016 and was opened to residential tenants in December 2017.</p><br>
<p>Major retailers have started moving into spaces that recently were empty. Under Armour, Nike, Warby Parker, Bonobos, John Varvatos, and Lululemon Athletica all have a presence on lower Woodward Avenue. Shinola is currently redeveloping and constructing a new Shinola-themed hotel at 1400 Woodward. G-Star Raw plans on opening a store along Woodward sometime in 2018. Dan Gilbert has started construction on a skyscraper (yet to be named) at the Hudsons department store site. Its set to be completed by 2022. He is also responsible for purchasing and renovating many of the buildings these retailers have moved into.</p><br>
<h3>Elliott Building</h3><br>
<p>Architect: Wilson Brothers & Company of Philadelphia</p><br>
<p>Original address: 207-211 Woodward Ave.</p><br>
<p>The Elliott Building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing building in the Lower Woodward Avenue Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Elliott Building was added to the northwest corner of Grand River Ave and Woodward Avenue. (Barns Block) in 1894 at the cost of about $80,000. The 6-story building, designed with distinctive red brick and red terra cotta is located on the site of the home of Detroits first Mayor, General John R. Williams. John R. Street was named in his honor. Where once a white picket fence surrounded the mayors home, the Elliott Building was constructed to house the mercantile business run by William H. Elliott. The building served as the locale of The William H. Elliott Dry Goods Store which provided carpets, draperies, and children&#39;s clothing until 1909.</p><br>
<p>In 1910, William H. Elliott Company consolidated with the Taylor-Woolfenden Company under the name of Elliott-Taylor-Woolfenden Company and operated in the building until a new building was erected on the southwest corner of Woodward Ave. and Henry St. in May 1911.</p><br>
<p>S. S. Kresge Corporation’s operated in the Elliott Building starting in the late teens as a "25 cent to $1" green front store. This Kresge location carried higher-priced merchandise compared to the nearby Kresge Store #1 (a 5 and 10 cent store at 1201 Woodward Ave.). In 1939 after a modernization, the store changed to a "5 cent to $1" store. In 1951, a "root beer department" was installed.</p><br>
<p>The S.S. Kresge Co.’s located in the Elliott Building closed December 31, 1959 after an inability to negotiate a new lease.</p><br>
<p>In 1961-1969 a portion of the basement was used as a gym/health center. Butlers Shoes was located in the northern storefront in the late 1970s. Later in the ‘70s, a women&#39;s clothing chain House of Nine occupied the 2nd floor. The last tenant in the building was Eastern Wigs and Beauty Supply who occupied the first floor until September 1997.</p><br>
<p>Today ownership belongs to Elliott Building, LLC.</p><br>
<p>The building began re-development in July 2016 and was expected to complete in early 2017.</p><br>
<p>The Elliott Building will contain twenty-three one and two bedroom apartments ranging from approximately 700 square feet to nearly 2,000 square feet. The six apartments that are at the rear of the building will have balconies. The four apartments that occupy the 6th floor will be 2-story. Approximately 16,000 square-feet of retail space will occupy the first floor, basement and sub-basement.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Most of the structures in the district are of steel frame construction with a front windowed facade finished with brownstone, white brick, white terra cotta, or red brick. They all stand wall-to-wall, filling the lot lines and fronting directly on the sidewalk. Most were originally designed to house retail on the first floor and offices on the upper floors.</p><br>
<p>The Vee Bar Ranch Lodge was built in 1891 as the home of Lionel C.G. Sartoris, a prominent Wyoming rancher. The ranch was later owned by Luther Filmore, a Union Pacific Railroad official, and the Wright family, who operated the ranch as a dude ranch. The property comprises five historic buildings including the lodge, original corral and a stock chute.</p><br>
<p>Sartoris bought the Vee Bar lands from homesteader Theodore Brubaker in 1890. Sartoris was English in origin, and a partner in the Douglas William Sartoris Cattle Company, which in 1885 was worth an estimated $2 million. By 1892 the company had failed. Sartoris departed for South America and the ranch was taken over by Susan J. Fillmore, who from 1903 leased it to Gordon and Myra Wright. In 1911 the Wrights bought the ranch, adding a second floor to the lodge. Dude ranching began in 1912 to supplement income.</p><br>
<p>The ranch is situated in a bend of the Little Laramie River with five contributing buildings and supporting ranch structures. The original log lodge was built by the Fillmores in 1901 and expanded in 1911. A modern addition dates to 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Vee Bar was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Fire Alarm, Telegraph and Police Signaling Building, usually referred to just as the Signaling Building, is located on State Street in Troy, New York, United States. It is currently used as storage space by Rensselaer County.</p><br>
<p>It was built to implement a new combined fire and police "silent alarm" system in the early 1920s, using telephone wires instead of human bell-ringers. This represented the last step in Troy&#39;s efforts to prevent the devastating fires of the 19th century from destroying so much of the city again. It continued to be used for that purpose until 1968, and in 2003 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Dobytown is a ghost town in Kearney County, Nebraska, United States, three miles west of Fort Kearny. Officially named Kearney City, the community was established in 1859. The town was given the common name of Dobytown because it contained mostly adobe buildings. Although the community no longer exists, the site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The site is located at an altitude of 2,129 feet .</p><br>
<p>As one of the most important stops for travelers between Independence, Missouri and the West Coast, Dobytown evolved to meet the needs of the thousands of soldiers, traders, teamsters and pioneers traveling west. Gambling, liquor and prostitution were among its main attractions. Dobytown also served as the major outfitting point west of the Missouri River, the center of frontier transportation from 1860 to 1866. A Pony Express station was located in Dobytown and it was the first county seat of Kearney County.</p><br>
<p>One of Dobytown&#39;s most famous visitors, General William Tecumseh Sherman described the horrible whiskey he was served there as tanglefoot.</p><br>
<p>The completion of the Union Pacific Railroad in 1869 reduced the travel along the trail and by the fort. The USA Army issued an order for abandonment of Fort Kearny on 22 May 1871. This caused Dobytown to be abandoned.</p><br>
<p>Williams Plains is a historic home located in the White Marsh Recreational Park at Bowie in Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland, United States.</p><br>
<p>The house was built for the Hon. John Johnson (1770-1824), judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals, who purchased the property in 1812.</p><br>
<p>It is a -story brick house, with a Flemish bond south facade and six-course common bond used for the remaining walls. It is an early- to mid-19th-century brick house which is significant primarily for the Greek Revival–influenced interior decorative detailing which remains almost completely intact and thus is an excellent and somewhat rare record of domestic architecture in Prince George&#39;s County in the first half of the 19th century. The dominant design elements which characterize the decorative detailing include Greek Revival influenced trim, mantels, and paneled doors. A much lower -story wing, likely dating to 1942, projects from the northern portion of the east side. The bricks of the wing are laid in stretcher bond, and is a veneer-over-frame construction.</p><br>
<p>Williams Plains was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Sheridan Flouring Mills , is an industrial complex in Sheridan, Wyoming. The mills were a major component of the economy of north central Wyoming, providing collection, storage and milling of locally produced wheat and other grains into flour and other milled products. The mill was established by Captain Scott W. Snively in the early 1890s. The Sheridan Milling and Manufacturing Company was sold to J.W. Denio in 1903, who operated the mill on Broadway Avenue near downtown Sheridan. A catastrophic fire destroyed that mill in 1919, resulting in the purchase of a new location on Coffeen Avenue and construction of a much larger mill.</p><br>
<p>The present complex was built in 1920-21 for J.W. Denio by Ballinger and McAllister of Bloomington, Illinois. It consists of a reinforced concrete mill building with a long two-story wing and a more compact six-story section, adjoined by a reinforced concrete grain elevator with seven pairs of grain tanks. The elevator features a large logo with a cowboy on a bucking horse and the legend "Best Out West Enriched Flour, Tomahawk Feeds For Livestock and Poultry, Sheridan Flouring Mills, Inc." The elevator building is 144 ft high, while the grain tanks are 110 ft high. The mill therefore dominates the skyline of Sheridan.</p><br>
<p>The mill was purchased by Nebraska Consolidated Mills Company in 1963, the firm that became Con-Agra in 1971. The mill was upgraded in 1967, but closed in 1972. In 1974 a local corporation purchased the mill and converted it into a hotel in 1977-1978. As part of the hotel renovation, the interior partitions were removed from the mill building and new windows were installed, partially closing the openings with masonry.</p><br>
<p>The grain elevators had a capacity in the 1930s of 410,000 bushels of grain. They are now abandoned and their machinery has been removed. The mill&#39;s products included wheat cereal and biscuit, doughnut, waffle and pancake flour, marketed as "Best Out West." Animal feed products were sold under the "Tomahawk" brand. The mill employed a baker to test the production by baking bread twice a day.</p><br>
<p>The mill had a rail connection via a spur line of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad. The tracks were removed with the development of the Sugarland commercial district.</p><br>
<p>The Anthony and Louise Viaer Alumni Hall, formerly the Administration Building, is a building on the campus of Huston–Tillotson University in Austin, Texas, United States.</p><br>
<p>Constructed in 1914 in the Prairie School style,</p><br>
<p>The building was named after Anthony E. Viaer, an alumnus of the Class of 1958 who gave a $1 million scholarship opportunity to university students.</p><br>
<p>The building was first nominated for National Register listing in 1986, but was not then listed, due to owner objection. It was listed in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Austin Central Fire Station 1, is a fire station at 401 East Fifth Street in Downtown Austin, Texas, United States. It is a part of the Austin Fire Department.</p><br>
<p>The Austin Fire Museum is located in the historic station. The museums exhibits include firefighting equipment, uniforms, and memorabilia from Texas first African American firefighters.</p><br>
<p>The building became a part of the National Register of Historic Places on May 5, 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Globe Tobacco Building is a manufacturing building located at 407 East Fort Street in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. It is the oldest tobacco manufactory extant in Detroit, and is listed by the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The tobacco industry was a leading component of Detroit&#39;s economy during the latter half of the nineteenth century, and by the 1890s was the largest industry in the city. Globe Tobacco, which was one of the largest five manufacturers in the city, The company was originally located on Atwater Street, and by 1878 manufactured about 300,000 pounds of tobacco annually. The company was incorporated in 1880, and by 1883 production was over 1,300,000 pounds annually.</p><br>
<p>By 1888, the company had outgrown its facility on Atwater, and decided to construct a new facility. The company hired Alexander Chapoton to build the factory, and construction began in 1888. By 1892, Globe production was up to 2.5 million pounds annually. However, by 1916, the property was transferred to trustees, and by 1925 the Globe Tobacco Company was out of business. Various small manufacturers rented portions of the building from 1916 until well into the 1970s. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>At one time the company Real Times Media, owner of black newspapers in the US, had its headquarters in the Globe Tobacco Building. Redstone Architects designed the renovation for the building into office space in 1984. In 2014, Rock Ventures purchased the building and renovated it to house office space for various tech and small businesses.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Designed by William Scott & Company, Alexander Chapoton built this six-story red brick Romanesque mill-style building with load-bearing masonry walls and heavy timbered roof and floors. Large arched windows are located on the first floor in the other bays. Pilasters run between the first story and the fourth, starting win a limestone block base and ending in forms that continue into round-arched windows on the fifth story. Brick denticulation separates the sixth floor from the lower ones, and the sixth floor is not divided into bays, but rather has evenly spaced rectangular window openings separated by pilasters.</p><br>
<p>Square brick panelling is stepped out above the sixth floor, providing a bearing surface for the heavy roof timbers and protection from fire. On the interior, heavy timber floor beams are spaced about four feet apart and held up by girders, forming fireproof layers between floors.</p><br>
<p>The Chapel of the Incarnation is an L-shaped church building of the Mission style. It is located at 14070 Brandywine Rd., Brandywine, Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland.</p><br>
<p>The cornerstone was laid in September 1916, and the chapel opened for Mass early in 1917. The chapels architect, William J. Palmer, who designed numerous residences and churches in Washington, D.C., prepared the plans and specifications for the church and attached Parish Hall. The Mission style may have been deemed appropriate to the churchs status as a "mission chapel," or offshoot, of St. Thomas&#39; Church in Croom, Maryland.</p><br>
<p>The chapel is constructed of poured-in-form concrete covered with a coarse pebble-filled stucco to resemble adobe. It is a one-story cross-gabled building with the entrance through the lower-gabled narthex. The structure is highlighted by a shaped parapet and bell tower. The interior is distinguished by its original altar balustrade and pulpit, and an ancient stone baptismal font brought from a church in England.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>St. Pauls Church, also known as St. Pauls Church, Baden, or St. Pauls Parish, Prince Georges County, is located at 13500 Baden-Westwood Road, in Baden, a community near Brandywine in Prince Georges County, Maryland. It was originally constructed in 1733–1735. A porch on the north side was enclosed in 1769, and in 1793 an addition of 26 by 30 feet was made to the south side. The Bishops Window, a memorial to Bishop Thomas John Claggett, is at the chancel window. In 1921 the sanctuary was widened and the chancel deepened.</p><br>
<p>St. Pauls Church is significant in the history of the Episcopal Church in Maryland for several reasons. First, the perpetuation of this church has provided a record of the religious life of its founders and the generations who followed beginning in 1733. Secondly, St. Pauls illustrates the evolution of a small, rural, colonial church into an American-style cruciform structure. Third, St. Paul&#39;s also demonstrates the part that agriculture, particularly of tobacco, played in the 18th century history of the Church of England in Maryland.</p><br>
<p>The building is a brick structure laid up in Flemish bond with a pattern of glazed headers where the brickwork has not been altered. The plan is a Latin cross, with a nave two bays long and transept arms one bay long; the present apse is an alteration.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>History of St. Paul&#39;s Parish</h2><br>
<p>In 1692, the Church of England became the established church of the Province of Maryland through an Act of the General Assembly. Ten counties had been established in the colony, and those counties were divided into 30 parishes. St. Pauls Parish was one of these first 30. From 1692 until Prince Georges County was created in 1696, it was in</p><br>
<p>Calvert County.</p><br>
<p>In 1704, St. Pauls Parish was divided by the General Assembly and the northern part became Queen Anne Parish, while the remainder continued as St. Pauls Parish.</p><br>
<p>St. Pauls Parish is one of 4 of the original 30 with that name. The others are St. Pauls Protestant Episcopal Church (Baltimore, Maryland), St. Pauls Church, Centreville, Maryland and St. Pauls Church (Fairlee, Maryland).</p><br>
<p>D. W. Voorhies House is a house in St. Martinville, Louisiana, United States. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 16, 2008.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1903 with many decorative features, all of which survive, although one, the front door, was moved to a different location in the house. The details include fishscale shingles, an oculus, and beaded rails in a wraparound porch.</p><br>
<p>It is the 16th property listed as a featured property of the week in a program of the National Park Service that began in July, 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Detroit-Leland Hotel is a historic hotel located at 400 Bagley Street in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. It is the oldest continuously operating hotel in downtown Detroit, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. The ballroom of the Detroit-Leland has hosted a nightclub, the Leland City Club, since 1983. The hotel is now named The Leland and no longer rents to overnight guests.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1920s, Edward A. Loveley and Harry A. Stormfeltz formed the Detroit Properties Corporation, with the purpose of developing Bagley Street outward from Grand Circus Park. The first building constructed was the Michigan Building at Bagley and Clifford, designed by the Chicago firm of Rapp & Rapp. The Michigan Building opened in 1926. The second building project undertaken by the Detroit Properties Corporation was the Detroit-Leland Hotel. Loveley and Stormfeltz again tapped Rapp & Rapp to design the building, and the Cleveland firm of Lundoff-Bicknell as contractors. Construction began in 1926, and the building cost $4.5 million.</p><br>
<p>The Detroit-Leland Hotel (named for Cadillac founder Henry M. Leland) opened its doors in April, 1927. It had 800 air-conditioned hotel rooms, along with a dining room, coffee shop, ball room, and 11 stores at street level.</p><br>
<p>However, by 1929 the ownership was having major financial problems and declared bankruptcy. The hotel remained in bankruptcy until 1936, but kept operating throughout this period. The Leland Hotel would notably be the hosting site of what would be considered the first NBA draft in history with the 1947 BAA draft (the BAA (Basketball Association of America) being the predecessor of the modern-day NBA via merger with the NBL) taking place there on June 2, 1947. By the 1950s, ownership had changed hands to Robert J. Sterling and his brothers Oliver and Edward. The Sterlings renovated the hotel in 1959/1960, prompted by the opening of Cobo Hall. In 1964 the hotel was again sold, this time to Robert K. and Donald Werbe, who renovated the hotel to have 473 apartments in addition to hotel rooms.</p><br>
<p>The hotel changed hands again in the 1970s, with Mayer Morganroth and John R. Ferris as owners, and in the 1980s when the Leland House Limited Partnership Company, headed by Michael W. Higgins, was formed. The 1980s recession hit the hotel hard, and the Leland became part of the Ramada hotel chain in 1988. The hotel reverted to its historical name in 2006. The Leland House Limited Partnership Company remains the owner of the Detroit Leland.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The Detroit-Leland Hotel is a 22-story building faced with brick, granite, and terra cotta with a flat roof. It was designed in the Beaux-Arts architectural style by the Chicago firm of Rapp & Rapp. The lower four floors of the hotel are rectangular in plan, with the upper floors taking on a U shape.</p><br>
<p>Vertically, the plan of the building divides into three parts: a four-story base, the main central section, and two-story attic. The street level is faced with marble, added likely in the 1960s. The section of the base above is faced in the original terra cotta. Round-arch windows reaching two stories light the second-floor spaces ballrooms, lobby and other public spaces. The third and fourth floors both contain pairs of double-hung windows separated by decorative terra cotta details. Between the fourth floor and the attic, the building is faced in buff-colored brick. A beltcourse separates the main section from the attic.</p><br>
<p>The Bagley Avenue entrance has three doorways, with a revolving door flanked by plate glass doors. The two glass doors have a sidelight, and all three have transom windows above. Original detailed metalwork divides the doors and windows. Inside, the entryway leads to a corridor accessing the commercial spaces on the ground floor. A set of six stairs leads into a wide turned staircase, which still has original wrought iron banisters and railings. The staircase leads to the main lobby on the second floor. The lobby is two stories tall, and leads to a ballroom, conference room, and associated facilities.</p><br>
<p>On the upper floors are the hotel&#39;s guest rooms. These rooms have been reconfigured in varying arrangements, and all contain kitchens, sitting rooms and separate bedroom areas. Floors 5–9 contain rental apartments, floors 10–17 are used as hotel rooms, and floors 18–20 are used as apartments. The basement level contains mechanical and laundry rooms, repair shops, employee locker rooms and toilets, and the Leland City Club nightclub.</p><br>
<p>Proctor&#39;s Theater is located on Fourth Street  in Troy, New York, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, and is a contributing property to the Central Troy Historic District, added to the Register in 1986.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1914 for vaudeville performances by Capital District entrepreneur Frederick Freeman Proctor, who also built another theater with his name in nearby Schenectady. Its double-balcony auditorium made it easily adaptable for showing motion pictures when that entertainment came into fashion soon after it opened. The building is credited to architect Arland W. Johnson.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1970s it closed. Since then it has been through several owners, including Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), which have had various plans, including renovating it into office space or reusing it as a theater. In 2014, it was announced that Columbia Development would be renovating the building for the Rensselaer County Chamber of Commerce.</p><br>
<p>As of September 2018, the building has been repurposed into a modern office space behind the preserved façade. Current tenants include the Rensselaer County Chamber of Commerce, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Christopher Brian Salon.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The theater is part of a row of buildings along the east side of Fourth Street. It is five stories high, with a highly decorative front facade of brick and marble covered in glazed terra-cotta. On the ground level, rusticated columns rise up to lion&#39;s heads. Five engaged marble columns frame the upper floors, rising to gargoyle-like figures, and two towers rise above the roofline at either end of the facade. The one above the main entry features a variety of terra cotta details: colonettes, dentils, escutcheons, and paretae.</p><br>
<p>The interior has suffered from years of neglect, but its basic plan remains. The tiled lobby with arched ceilings and paneled walls, leads via staircases to the two balconies, and into a foyer to the orchestra floor. Gold leaf adorned (or originally did) the arches in that section. The proscenium features a David Lithgow painting of Lafayettes visit to Troy in 1824. All these fixtures remain unchanged from the theaters original construction.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Proctor, who had already built and operated several successful vaudeville theaters in Albany and New York City hired Arlard Johnson to design the theater, hoping to make it his grandest project since he had entered the business nearly three decades before. It cost $325,000 to construct, and when it opened in 1914 it became the largest theater in the state and was praised as "a structure ranking foremost in American theatrical circles."</p><br>
<p>From their inception, he had realized the potential of motion pictures and had begun adapting his theaters to the new medium. The Troy Proctor&#39;s classically inspired double-balcony form lent itself well to the movies because it put the audience close to the stage no matter where they were in the theater. It had not been designed to accommodate a projector and screen, but by the 1920s a booth had been added. During that era, its productions, like many other theaters of the time, included both live and filmed entertainment. In the 1930s, with the advent of the sound era making the live act superfluous, the central chandelier was removed along with some other renovations, including removing the paintings from the lobby and painting over the gold leaf in the orchestra.</p><br>
<p>After Proctor&#39;s death in 1929, the theater continued to operate as a popular downtown destination. After the mid-20th century, it began to lose business due to television and suburbanization. In 1977, it finally closed, its last show seen by a crowd of around 170 people. The final show was The Longest Yard starring Burt Reynolds. A year later the city acquired the property when it foreclosed on the then-owners. It is the only remaining movie palace in Troy, albeit unused for that purpose ever since then.</p><br>
<h3>Relationship with Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</h3><br>
<p>RPI students frequented Proctors Theater for movie screenings, live performances, and vaudeville acts during its run as a performance hall. Ads featuring performances at Proctors Theater were featured in the RPI Student Newspaper, The Polytechnic, until Proctor&#39;s Theater closed in 1977.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1900s, RPI students performed vaudeville and musical acts at Proctor&#39;s Theater. The “RPI Nights” act originated in 1915 under the direction of C. F. Matthews, referred to as "Matty" by his peers at RPI. Matthews graduated from RPI in 1916, and the weekly RPI Nights performances also ended.</p><br>
<p>In March 1922, a group of RPI students re-established the RPI Nights as a weekly act at Proctors Theater. After a successful opening night, as described in The Polytechnic, the “Campus Five” was established. The group featured five RPI students and was led by Mark Albert “Pete” Gerwig. Their repertoire included musical performances on the banjo, saxophone, violin, and included clog dancing, folk singing, jazz, and more. While the Campus Five had its origins at Proctors Theater, the group performed at a range of RPI-hosted events, including dances, events, and dinners for various organizations on and off campus.</p><br>
<p>The RPI Nights performances were very well attended by the public. At one point, The Polytechnic stated "Tute nights are a great success. The size of the audience that attended the first performance was the largest ever assembled in the history of Proctor’s; according to the Manager Emde." After “Pete” Gerwig and the RPI Five graduated from RPI, it is unclear whether Rensselaer students continued to perform at Proctor&#39;s Theater as the Campus Five.</p><br>
<p>In later years, RPI hosted events and acts at Proctors Theater. In the 1970s, the Rensselaer Concert Board hosted several musical and entertainment acts for the RPI community. In October 1975, the Rensselaer Concert Board presented in concert folk-rock groups Poco and McKendree Spring at Proctors. This event was organized by RPIs Union Programs and Activities Committee (UPAC). UPAC also hosted the comedy radio show National Lampoon Radio Hour in 1975 at Proctor&#39;s Theater.</p><br>
<p>RPI purchased Proctor&#39;s Theater in 2004.</p><br>
<h3>Redevelopment proposal</h3><br>
<p>In the early 2000s, RPI acquired the building and hoped to partially use it as office space and keep the theater. They eventually brought in a developer who proposed to use a state grant to gut the buildings interior and replace the auditorium with office space, while keeping the facade. Residents organized a group and online petition in opposition to this, pointing to how successful the restoration of the Schenectady Proctors had been for that city. The building was structurally sound, and could easily be restored to its original purpose.</p><br>
<p>Proponents of the plan responded that the theater had not been successfully redeveloped in the years since it had closed and it was time to try something else to revitalize a block of downtown Troy that remained dilapidated. They noted that the Schenectady Proctor&#39;s still lost money and that the project would create jobs the city needed in a slow economy.</p><br>
<h3>Restore NY grant</h3><br>
<p>As of March, 2011, the theatre is expected to receive $3.3 million from a "Restore NY" grant. The money would be used by Columbia Development to rehabilitate the theatre building and two adjacent office buildings, including the Chasan Building, which is also owned by RPI.</p><br>
<p>In October 2011 it was announced that, in a $14.4 million public-private project including a $3.3 million Restore New York grant, Columbia Development Companies would acquire Proctor&#39;s Theater and launch a restoration.</p><br>
<p>Mount Hope is located at 1 Cheverly Circle in the town of Cheverly, Prince Georges County, Maryland. The plantation house is a two-story, five-bay frame house built in several stages. The three-bay west section was built about 1834, and included an earlier overseers cabin, c. 1782, with a two-bay "new addition" to the east in the 1860s, after the Civil War. A one-story kitchen wing appears to date from the 1830s as well, building on earlier foundations. A broad front porch was added in the early 20th century along with a 3-bay garage and screened porch .</p><br>
<p>The home was built by Fielder Magruder, Jr., member of the prominent Magruder family who first settled in Maryland in 1652. Part of the house sits on the stone foundations of an earlier structure. The earlier component is contemporary with an outbuilding c. 1782 which also remain on the property. The town of Cheverly occupies much of the original 716 acre tobacco plantation of Fielder Magruder, Jr. The house was formerly the town symbol, appearing on the official town seal and town flag. The house was renovated from 1919 to 1922, as the home and office of Robert Marshall, founder of Cheverly. He lived there until 1929. Cheverlys first mayor owned Mount Hope from 1941 to 1977. It was the towns official symbol from 1931 until 2020 when the town council voted to remove the image of the plantation from the seal. The property was extensively restored in 1985 and 2005 by the current owners, Drs. Elizabeth Tuckermanty and Dale Manty.</p><br>
<p>Historical myths abound regarding a number of events at Mount Hope over its approximately 232 years as a residence. These include British troops allegedly stopping at the Magruder Spring on the plantation on August 24, 1814, en route to the armed resistance at the Battle of Bladensburg and burning of Washington. And there is the case of a young nephew (John?) Magruder, lieutenant in the CSA, mortally wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg, transported by buckboard (behind enemy lines) to his aunt and uncle&#39;s house where he died a fortnight after arriving. The mythical ghost of a young woman associate of Lieutenant Magruder, with a wry sense of humor, occasionally visits Mount Hope.</p><br>
<p>The Old Collier County Courthouse is a historic two-story concrete and stucco courthouse building located in Everglades City, Florida. Designed in the Classical Revival style.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse was built in 1926 by Barron Collier, who developed Collier County and for whom the county was named. In 1962, the county seat was moved to East Naples and a new courthouse complex was built there. The building later served as the Everglades City Hall.</p><br>
<p>In 1989, the Old Collier County Courthouse was listed in "A Guide to Florida&#39;s Historic Architecture," published by the University Press of Florida. The courthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 3, 2013.</p><br>
